Artificial intelligence & teaching and learning of french: Ethical and pedagogical challenges
Abstract
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in French language education has transformed traditional pedagogical approaches, offering innovative tools for personalized and adaptive learning. However, the use of AI in teaching of Français Langue Etrangère (FLE) presents significant ethical and pedagogical challenges. This study aims to explore the implications of AI-driven language learning tools in the Indian educational context, focusing on ethical concerns such as data privacy, algorithmic bias and the role of human teachers, as well as pedagogical issues like student engagement, accuracy in language assessment and cultural contextualization. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis through interviews with French language educators and AI experts, along with quantitative surveys conducted among students using AI-assisted learning platforms. The study examines the effectiveness of AI tools in enhancing linguistic proficiency while assessing their limitations in achieving communicative competence and cultural awareness. It also investigates teachers’ perceptions of AI’s impact on traditional classroom instruction and their readiness to integrate AI-based methodologies. AI enhances accessibility and individualized learning, it cannot replace human intuition in language teaching, particularly in areas requiring nuanced cultural understanding and emotional intelligence. Ethical concerns regarding data security and the risk of over-reliance on AI-based feedback mechanisms also emerge as key challenges. The study suggests a balanced AI-human teaching model where AI serves as a supplementary tool rather than a replacement for educators. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on AI in foreign language education by offering insights into the Indian context, providing recommendations for ethical AI deployment and emphasizing the need for teacher training programs to ensure effective AI integration.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, Français langue etrangère, Ethics, PedagogyReferences
- [1] Jegede, O. O. (2024). Artificial intelligence and English language learning: Exploring the roles of AI-driven tools in personalizing learning and providing instant feedback. Universal library of languages and literatures, 1(2), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.70315/uloap.ullli.2024.0102002
- [2] Kuddus, K. (2022). Artificial intelligence in language learning: Practices and prospects. In Advanced analytics and deep learning models (pp. 1–17). Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119792437.ch1
- [3] Odeleye, O. A. (2025). The role of AI in enhancing the teaching and learning of French language in colleges of education in Nigeria. In Role of AI in enhancing teaching/learning, research and community service in higher education (pp. 155–162). https://B2n.ir/hg5021
- [4] Ismail, I. A., & Aloshi, J. M. (2025). Data privacy in AI-driven education: An in-depth exploration into the data privacy concerns and potential solutions. In AI applications and strategies in teacher education (pp. 223–252). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5443-8.ch008
- [5] Khan, W. N. (2024). Ethical challenges of AI in education: Balancing innovation with data privacy. Journal of AI integration in education, 1(1), 1–13. https://www.researchcorridor.org/index.php/jaiie/article/view/238
- [6] Tan, L. Y., Hu, S., Yeo, D. J., & Cheong, K. H. (2025). Artificial intelligence-enabled adaptive learning platforms: A review. Computers and education: artificial intelligence, 100429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100429
- [7] Riaz, S. (2025). User perceptions of vocabulary learning features in Duolingo and Babbel: A comparative analysis of effectiveness and user satisfaction. Qlantic journal of social sciences, 6(1), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.55737/qjss.vi-i.25345
- [8] Nuryah, A. (2024). The comparison between lecturer and AI-powered platform’feedback in assessing english pronunciation [Thesis]. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/82085
- [9] Korell, J. L., & Albrecht, P. (2025). Artificial intelligence in French and Spanish foreign language education: A systematic review and future perspectives. Language education and technology, 5(1). https://www.langedutech.com/letjournal/index.php/let/article/view/90
- [10] Dimitriadou, E., & Lanitis, A. (2023). A critical evaluation, challenges, and future perspectives of using artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in smart classrooms. Smart learning environments, 10(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00231-3
- [11] Ali, M., Siddique, A., Aftab, A., Abid, M. K., & Fuzail, M. (2024). AI-powered customized learning paths: transforming data administration for students on digital platforms. Journal of computing & biomedical informatics, 6(02), 195–204. https://jcbi.org/index.php/Main/article/view/299
- [12] Singh, P., & Absar, S. (2021). Comparative privacy legislation: Indian and european personal data protection legislation in the digital age. Journal of legal studies, 3, 78–92. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jrnatila19&div=38&id=&page=
- [13] Beliaeva, Z. (2023). Using authentic video for teaching english as a second language: A teacher’s toolkit [Thesis]. https://thesis.unipd.it/handle/20.500.12608/75494
- [14] Azizov, D. (2023). Voice, accent, and identity in AI interpreting: Toward more inclusive language models. Iconic research and engineering journals, 7(6), 498–506. https://B2n.ir/ej9187
- [15] Selwyn, N. (2019). Should robots replace teachers?: AI and the future of education. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.wiley.com/en-se/Should+Robots+Replace+Teachers%3F%3A+AI+and+the+Future+of+Education-p-9781509528967
- [16] Yang, M., Wu, X., & Deris, F. D. (2025). Exploring EFL learners’ positive emotions, technostress and psychological well-being in AI-assisted language instruction with/without teacher support in Malaysia. British educational research journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4184
- [17] Banerjee, N., & Rakshit, S. (2024). Enchantment of artificial intelligence: Emerging advances in language development. Brolly, 5(3), 233–251. https://journals.lapub.co.uk/index.php/brolly/article/view/2884
- [18] Divekar, R. R. (2020). AI enabled foreign language immersion: Technology and method to acquire foreign languages with AI in immersive virtual worlds. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. https://www.proquest.com/openview/a7007e1bb6eb7454d17f0c341dfc7d3c/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=44156
- [19] Kaur, N., & Kaur, J. (2024). Innovating education through technology: A pathway to achieving the sustainable development goals in the context of national education policy 2020. Synergy: international journal of multidisciplinary studies, 1(3), 28–33. https://sijmds.com/index.php/pub/article/view/23