The term "entrepreneurship," derived from the French word "entrepreneur," was first used in the sixteenth century to describe individuals who risked their lives in military missions and faced the possibility of death. Over time, the term evolved to refer to those who embraced the risks associated with economic activities and initiated innovations [7]. A review of the history of entrepreneurship literature confirms that the concept originated within economic theories developed by economists before it spread to various educational institutions and disciplines. Since the late 20th century, entrepreneurship has garnered attention from educational circles worldwide [8], contributing to economic growth and development, particularly in developed nations. Today, entrepreneurship education is recognized as a vital tool for enhancing individuals' entrepreneurial inclination [5]. Entrepreneurship is defined as a mindset characterized by thinking, reasoning, and action that encompasses discovering and extracting opportunities through a comprehensive and balanced leadership approach. It necessitates a readiness to assume calculated personal and financial risks to balance risk-taking and rewards [9]. There are three significant reasons to focus on entrepreneurship: wealth generation, technological development, and productive employment [7]. In the contemporary business landscape, entrepreneurship is a highly popular topic and activity, symbolizing innovation and success. Entrepreneurs are seen as pioneers, taking risks and organizing and managing economic endeavors [10]. Innovation, defined as the process of creating new value through novel approaches in products, services, or businesses, goes beyond simply developing new ideas. It involves generating, absorbing, and implementing new concepts or activities that provide benefits to end users. Innovation can be characterized by several key traits:

I. It is associated with novelty.

II. It requires some degree of change or discontinuity.

III. It relies on creativity and initiative for successful implementation.

IV. It is based on a purposeful process that leads to outcomes and value creation [11].

An information entrepreneur, also referred to as an information creator, is an individual engaged in the business of collecting, disseminating, and sharing information. Information entrepreneurs do not emerge spontaneously; although there are many individuals with specialized knowledge and familiarity with current technologies, they may lack a proper understanding of how to start and manage an information-based business. Successful information entrepreneurs must possess specific characteristics, abilities, and competencies. For instance, they should be adept at identifying opportunities that create value by addressing user needs overlooked by current information systems. Additionally, they must endeavor to meet these needs while demonstrating resilience, pragmatism, and flexibility [5].

ICT serves as a powerful tool for fostering innovation and development in various fields. The continuous advancement of ICT tools and their rapid adaptation to human needs has created a new environment for creative, active, and inclusive learning and interaction. Research indicates that innovation and systemic change, particularly in areas like research and investigation, cannot occur without the support and integration of information technology [12]. Since its inception, information technology has played a crucial role in the global economy due to its significant impact on various aspects of business [13]. Today, entrepreneurship heavily relies on platforms provided by information technology, benefiting greatly from its capabilities. Information technology is a key driver for entrepreneurship development and economic growth, demonstrating remarkable flexibility in this domain. Features such as increased speed and accuracy, reduced physical space for information storage, transparency in processes, the ability for remote work, and cost reduction exemplify its benefits [12].

Given that information technology is one of the most dynamic fields of science and technology, its rapid growth and expansion present serious challenges for industries that utilize it. Observations indicate that the penetration of information technology into other fields has been extensive, with virtually no area untouched by its influence. Libraries, in particular, have been profoundly impacted by information technology, resulting in a strong interconnection between the two fields, with information serving as the common denominator. Consequently, the growth of either dimension is expected to significantly influence the other [10].

Discussions within digital technology circles regarding the emerging concept of the metaverse have increased significantly. Proponents believe that the metaverse represents the next evolution of the internet, which has captured widespread interest and spurred investments in this area [2].

The metaverse refers to a collection of simulated, interconnected, and technology-driven multidimensional spaces where social, economic, scientific, and various other interactions occur collaboratively between intelligent agents (such as avatars) and humans. Interactions in the physical world can be transferred into the metaverse. The presence of intelligent agents, coupled with advanced graphic and simulation capabilities, makes these virtual spaces more dynamic and appealing. Individuals or entities create and develop an enhanced, flexible, and agile representation of their physical existence by engaging in the metaverse. The application of electronic tools within the metaverse has eliminated many specific limitations of the physical world, replacing them with dynamic entities and modes of communication. The metaverse processes information based on users' circumstances and requests, providing them with relevant data that helps improve efficiency, facilitates access to information, or allows them to input data into the network.

In the metaverse, users are immersed in vast information derived from the virtual world while remaining rooted in the real world. The metaverse's advancement enhances existing technologies and strengthens the connection between the real and virtual realms. As an emerging technology, the metaverse comprises virtual and augmented realities, creating spaces where people can interact without being physically present. This new world enables everyone to communicate and have diverse experiences, overcoming the limitations of the current internet. Within the virtual environment of the metaverse, anything one desires can be created — users can design their favorite character and experience life as they would in the real world. Control over this virtual existence is entirely decentralized, free from management by any specific governmental authority. Companies can leverage the metaverse in various ways.

In this limitless landscape, organizing events, developing cross-functional features, and engaging with user communities has become easier than ever, allowing businesses to connect with consumers in innovative ways previously unattainable.

The metaverse concept can be seen as a convergence point for addressing challenges across various fields, including computing, information science, artificial intelligence, graphics, social sciences, and business. The term "metaverse" is derived from two words: "meta," meaning "superior," and "verse," originating from "universe," which means "world." Hence, the metaverse can be interpreted as a "superior world" or "world beyond the current one." Although we are still distant from practical implementations of metaverse technology, the concept has existed for several decades, appearing in stories, video games, and digital technologies. The metaverse serves as a parallel reality within a virtual realm, constructed from computer graphics and accessible to users worldwide through specialized equipment like headphones and VR glasses. In the metaverse, users manifest as digitally designed entities known as avatars.

The metaverse is a vast network of persistent 3D worlds and simulations processed in real-time. It allows continuity between individuals, physical objects, human history, and even payment systems. This environment can accommodate many people simultaneously without requiring them to be physically present in one place. The development of the metaverse occurs in two directions: from real to virtual space, where the virtual world mirrors the real world, facilitating profound digital experiences that enhance real-life interactions. This process leads to a digital realization of real experiences, improving efficiency and enhancing the overall experience of the physical world. The second direction is from virtual to real, which involves translating digital experiences into tangible realities and discovering new products and uses based on virtual settings [14].

The metaverse is often referred to as the future of the internet, possessing unique characteristics that differentiate it from traditional online experiences. While the internet offers certain features like speed and collaboration, the metaverse amplifies these qualities, providing a higher degree of interactivity. Key aspects of the metaverse, often referred to as "metavariables," that are described as follows.

Information science and Knowledge science are fields focused on the management of information and knowledge. Their primary goal is to create optimal conditions for society—both individuals and organizations—to easily and effectively access information. This profession, grounded in a robust theoretical framework developed throughout its history, involves processes for selecting, providing, organizing, and disseminating information. Formal training courses, particularly at the higher education level, have been established to effectively teach these processes to employees who serve the community in libraries and information centers.

In today's context, organizational information is crucial for societal development. Providing and organizing essential resources facilitates quick and easy access for individuals to various information sources in education and research. Consequently, it is vital to continually utilize the latest resources, tools, and methods for information management, which include needs identification, selection, provision, organization, and dissemination of information. In recent years, numerous specialized libraries and information and documentation centers have been created within government and non-government organizations, including industrial and commercial sectors, to meet the diverse and growing information needs of organizations, managers, and individuals. The surge in information resources and systems, along with the proliferation of new technologies, has prompted the information science and knowledge profession to reassess the content, methods, and educational systems used to equip librarians with the necessary knowledge and skills.

There is a strong recognition of the importance of entering new business areas, which researchers deem essential for the economic growth of countries. To better organize these themes and enhance outcomes, the following 10 general thematic groups were identified from 26 specific topics:

I. Bibliometrics: Includes citation analysis, webometrics, and scientometrics.

II. Information retrieval: Encompasses reference services, information storage and retrieval systems, users' information skills, and users' information needs.

III. Librarianship and information dissemination: This covers library economics, university, school, public, digital, special, and children's libraries, as well as library management and research in librarianship.

IV. Printed and electronic resources.

V. Cataloging.

VI. Information technology.

VII. Information management.

VIII. Electronic publishing.

IX. Scientific communications.

X. Classification.

Based on the findings from this study, it is hoped that researchers in the field will address societal needs, considering the emergence of new technologies that have transformed the landscape. Their research should focus on topics relevant to contemporary society and keep pace with technological advancements in information science and knowledge [16].

and Epistemology

Based on the theoretical concepts outlined above, we will now examine the relationship between the metaverse, information science, and epistemology. The metaverse offers a wide range of services in the field of information science, including the following:

I. Virtual libraries and archives: In the metaverse, users can access vast collections of digital resources such as books, articles, and multimedia content within a virtual environment II. Online learning platforms: Educational institutions and organizations can establish virtual classrooms and immersive learning environments, enabling students to engage with course materials and interact with instructors and peers in real time.

III. Collaboration and communication tools: The metaverse facilitates collaboration on projects, idea sharing, and connections with colleagues and experts worldwide through virtual meetings, conferences, and workshops.

IV. Data visualization and analysis: Advanced data visualization tools in the metaverse help users understand complex information better and make data-driven decisions.

V. Knowledge management systems: The metaverse can host sophisticated knowledge management systems, allowing organizations to store, organize, and share their collective knowledge and expertise.

VI. Virtual research labs: Scientists and researchers can conduct experiments, simulations, and analyses in virtual labs, enabling collaboration and sharing of findings with the global scientific community.

VII. Digital art galleries and museums: Cultural institutions can create virtual exhibitions and galleries, allowing users to explore and interact with art, artifacts, and historical documents in new and engaging ways.

The metaverse also significantly impacts the publishing industry in several ways:

I. Virtual bookstores and newsstands: Publishers can create virtual bookstores and newsstands in the metaverse, allowing users to browse, purchase, and read digital books, magazines, and newspapers in an immersive environment.

II. Interactive storytelling: Authors and publishers can develop interactive, multimedia-rich stories that leverage the metaverse's unique capabilities, such as 3D environments, virtual reality, and augmented reality.

III. Social reading experiences: The metaverse can facilitate social reading experiences where readers can discuss books, share recommendations, and participate in virtual book clubs and author events.

IV. Advanced marketing and promotions: Publishers can utilize the metaverse to create engaging marketing campaigns, including virtual book launches, author interviews, and interactive promotional events.

V. Collaborative writing and editing: The metaverse offers a platform for authors, editors, and other publishing professionals to collaborate on projects in real time, streamlining the writing and editing process.

VI. Self-publishing opportunities: The metaverse presents new opportunities for self-publishing, enabling authors to create and distribute their work directly to readers in a virtual setting.

VII. Educational publishing: The metaverse can revolutionize educational publishing by providing immersive learning experiences, such as virtual field trips, interactive simulations, and augmented reality textbooks. The metaverse in scientometrics refers to the study of relationships among scientific articles, their authors, topics, journals, and other factors related to the production and dissemination of knowledge. Scientometrics focuses on assessing and evaluating scientific and research performance. By utilizing the metaverse, researchers can uncover patterns in these relationships and understand the factors that contribute to the success or failure of an article or researcher. For instance, one can analyze which topics are most popular in a particular field or identify which journals have the greatest impact within that area. These methodologies enhance our understanding of how knowledge is transferred and developed, as well as the factors that influence this process. This information is invaluable for advancing science and supporting researchers in their work.

Generally, the metaverse serves as a structured and standardized system for categorizing and cataloging information. This system aids librarians and other information professionals in easily identifying, categorizing, and searching for resources. Additionally, it enables users to access the information they require with ease. The metaverse also plays a significant role in library management by improving access to information. Here are some key roles of the metaverse in library management:

I. Classification and cataloging: The metaverse aids librarians in classifying and cataloging resources in a structured and standardized way, facilitating easy access for users seeking information.

II. Information search and retrieval: With the metaverse, users can quickly search for and retrieve desired resources by subject, author, title, and other criteria.

III. Inter-library connectivity: The metaverse enables libraries to share information with one another, allowing users to access resources available in different libraries.

IV. Collection management: The metaverse assists librarians in managing their collections efficiently, enabling them to easily add new resources and update or remove outdated ones.

V. Statistics and reports: The metaverse provides librarians with tools to collect and analyze statistics and reports regarding library resource usage. This data can help enhance library services and guide future planning.